Proyecto final de Grado: Optimización de chapa y metodología de estudio
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2008
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"El propósito de este proyecto fue optimizar la materia prima, la mano de obra (evitando trabajos improductivos), los materiales y repuestos (herramientas de corte) y dejar registrada la metodología de trabajo. En los casos en los cuales la decisión actual de corte ya era la óptima, sólo se procedió a la generación del registro de corte correspondiente.
Actualmente los cortes de chapa los decide el operario de guillotinas, que cuenta con más de 20 años de experiencia en el puesto. No hay estudios previos o, si los hubo, no existen registros. El proceso es, entonces, totalmente hombre-dependiente y tampoco se puede asegurar que la decisión tomada por este operario sea la óptima.
La metodología que se utilizó para resolver este problema fue la modelización mediante PRogramación Lineal. Puntualmente se utilizó la herramienta Solver de Excel. Dentro del modelo se contemplaron los siguientes costos relacionados al corte de chapa: materia prima, costo de mano de obra asignado alcorte, costo prorrateado por corte del herramental (cuchilla de corte).
Las soluciones que se obtuvieron fueron las óptimas para el mes en que se aplicó el programa.
También se optimizó la materia prima desde la compra de las chapas. Se revisaron las medidas de compra y se modificaron los largos de compra reajustándolos a las necesidades de la empresa y tolerancias del proveedor. Los anchos no se pudieron modificar ya que los mismos dependen del tren de laminación del proveedor.
El alcance de este trabajo se limitó a la línea de termotanques, de los mismos se estudiaron sólo las chapas más gruesas (de 1,60 mm en adelante), puesto que para diámetros inferiores existe la posibilidad de cambiar chapas por bobinas".
"The purpose of this project was to optimize the raw material, labour (avoiding unproductive work), materials and spare parts (cutting tools) and leave a recorded work methodology. In cases in which the current cut decision was already the best, only proceeded to the generation of the registration cutoff. The actual cuts are cecided by the operator of guillotines, who has more than 20 years experience in the job. There are no previous studies or, if any, there are no records. The process is thus totally man-dependent and neither can ensure that the decision taken by this operator is the best. The methodology that was used to solve this prooblem was thorugh modelling by Linear Programming. The tool that was used is Excel Solver. Within the model were contemplated the following costs related to cutting sheet metal: raw material, labor cost assigned to the cut, a prorated cost cutting tooling (cutting blade). The solutions that were obtained were the mopst for the month in which the program was implemented. It was also optimized the raw material from the buying. The lenght was reviewed to adjust the purchase to the company's needs and tolerances of the supplier. The widths could not be amnended because they depend on the mill's supplier. The scope of this study was limited to water heaters line, of them were studied only thicker sheets (equal to or greater than 1.60 mm), since for inferior diameters there is a possibility of changing the use of sheets into coils".
"The purpose of this project was to optimize the raw material, labour (avoiding unproductive work), materials and spare parts (cutting tools) and leave a recorded work methodology. In cases in which the current cut decision was already the best, only proceeded to the generation of the registration cutoff. The actual cuts are cecided by the operator of guillotines, who has more than 20 years experience in the job. There are no previous studies or, if any, there are no records. The process is thus totally man-dependent and neither can ensure that the decision taken by this operator is the best. The methodology that was used to solve this prooblem was thorugh modelling by Linear Programming. The tool that was used is Excel Solver. Within the model were contemplated the following costs related to cutting sheet metal: raw material, labor cost assigned to the cut, a prorated cost cutting tooling (cutting blade). The solutions that were obtained were the mopst for the month in which the program was implemented. It was also optimized the raw material from the buying. The lenght was reviewed to adjust the purchase to the company's needs and tolerances of the supplier. The widths could not be amnended because they depend on the mill's supplier. The scope of this study was limited to water heaters line, of them were studied only thicker sheets (equal to or greater than 1.60 mm), since for inferior diameters there is a possibility of changing the use of sheets into coils".
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PROGRAMACION LINEAL, CHAPAS METALICAS, PLANIFICACION DE LA PRODUCCION