Examinando por Materia "NEURONAS"
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Proyecto final de Grado Análisis comparativo de pipelines de procesamiento y algoritmos de detección de ensambles neuronales para imágenes de calcio(2021) Mandelbaum, Martín; Kropff, Emilio"En los últimos años, las imágenes de calcio se han convertido en una valiosa herramienta para registrar actividad neuronal en diversas áreas del cerebro. La disponibilidad de microscopios de fluorescencia miniaturizados y de bajo costo permite un mayor acceso a investigaciones de neurociencias, entre las cuales se destaca el estudio de la formación y consolidación de memorias en el hipocampo. El gran caudal de células que pueden ser visualizadas con estas técnicas, y la posibilidad de realizar estudios con animales comportándose libremente permiten obtener información valiosa sobre diversas áreas de interés. Estos registros, sin embargo, deben ser acompañados por extensos procesos de corrección, procesamiento, y deconvolución de las señales para aportar información útil. En este proyecto se trabajó con registros de actividad en la región CA3 del hipocampo de un ratón (Mus musculus) sobre el cual se implementaron distintos pipelines de procesamiento de imágenes de calcio, los cuales fueron comparados según su robustez ante distintos niveles de ruido. También se evaluó la consistencia de algoritmos de detección de ensambles neuronales, conjuntos de neuronas que presentan coactivación y que se cree que forman la base del procesamiento neuronal de la información."Artículo de Publicación Periódica Dopamine neurotransmission in the VTA regulates aversive memory formation and persistence(2022-09-01) Castillo Díaz, Fernando; Dalto, Juliana F.; Pereyra, Magdalena; Medina, Jorge Horacio"Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) innervating several limbic and neocortical regions of the mammalian brain have long been implicated in motivation, rewarding and aversive behaviors, and memory processing. Recently, we demonstrated that somatodendritic release of DA in the VTA regulates the formation and maintenance of appetitive long-term memories (LTM). However, less is known about the impact of DA neurotransmission in the VTA on aversive LTM. Here, we describe the modulation of negative-valence memories by D1/D5-type DA (D1R)-receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the VTA. As aversive stimuli elicit both active and passive behavioral responses, we used two single-trial aversive training protocols: inhibitory avoidance task and conditioned place aversion. We bilaterally microinfused SCH23390, an antagonist of D1R, into the VTA immediately after training and found that DA neurotransmission in the VTA modulates LTM consolidation and persistence of aversive experiences. Together with previous findings demonstrating that D1R mediated DA neurotransmission in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is involved in the formation and persistence of LTM for aversive events, our present results indicate that memory processing of environmental stimuli with negative-valence depends on the integration of information mediated by D1R activation in both the VTA region and in selected downstream target areas."Artículo de Publicación Periódica Dynamical models in neuroscience from a closed-loop control perspective(2022-01-28) Martínez, Sebastián; García Violini, Demián; Belluscio, Mariano; Piriz, Joaquin; Sánchez-Peña, Ricardo"Modifying neural activity is a substantial goal in neuroscience that facilitates the understanding of brain functions and the development of medical therapies. Neurobiological models play an essential role, contributing to the understanding of the underlying brain dynamics. In this context, control systems represent a fundamental tool to provide a correct articulation between model stimulus (system inputs) and outcomes (system outputs). However, throughout the literature there is a lack of discussions on neurobiological models, from the formal control perspective. In general, existing control proposals applied to this family of systems, are developed empirically, without theoretical and rigorous framework. Thus, the existing control solutions, present clear and significant limitations. The focus of this work is to survey dynamical neurobiological models that could serve for closed-loop control schemes or for simulation analysis. Consequently, this paper provides a comprehensive guide to discuss and analyze control oriented neurobiological models. It also provides a potential framework to adequately tackle control problems that could modify the behavior of single neurons or networks. Thus, this study constitutes a key element in the upcoming discussions and studies regarding control methodologies applied to neurobiological systems, to extend the present research and understanding horizon for this field."Artículo de Publicación Periódica Medial prefrontal cortical control of reward- and aversion-based behavioral output: bottom-up modulation(2021-03-04) Pastor, Verónica; Medina, Jorge Horacio"How does the brain guide our actions? This is a complex issue, where the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a crucial role. The mPFC is essential for cognitive flexibility and decision making. These functions are related to reward- and aversionbased learning, which ultimately drive behavior. Though, cortical projections and modulatory systems that may regulate those processes in the mPFC are less understood. How does the mPFC regulate approach-avoidance behavior in the case of conflicting aversive and appetitive stimuli? This is likely dependent on the bottomup neuromodulation of the mPFC projection neurons. In this review, we integrate behavioral-, pharmacological-, and viral-based circuit manipulation data showing the involvement of mPFC dopaminergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic, and serotoninergic inputs in reward and aversion processing. Given that an incorrect balance of reward and aversion value could be a key problem in mental diseases such as substance use disorders, we discuss outstanding questions for future research on the role of mPFC modulation in reward and aversion."Proyecto final de Grado Sistema de fotometría de fibra óptica para registrar actividad neuronal en animales en libre movimiento(2021) Chiesa Docampo, Franco; Piriz, Joaquín"El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la investigación y desarrollo de un sistema cuyo fin es registrar por medios ópticos la actividad poblacional de neuronas identificables genéticamente. Se trata de una iniciativa conjunta para armar un equipo de fácil uso y mantenimiento. Detallando su forma de instalación, calibración y funcionamiento."