DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Erdmann, Eleonora"

Browsing by Author "Erdmann, Eleonora"

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Already used and candidate polymeric membranes for CO2 separation plants
(2018) Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo; Ale Ruiz, Elisa Liliana; Erdmann, Eleonora
"This chapter presents the already used polymeric membranes and the potential candidates for the CO2 acid gas separation. Mainly, this work describes the characteristics of each membrane and the differences according to transport properties, conditions, and quality of the products. In addition to this, the types of membranes according to their capacity to separate CO2 from sources such as CO2/CH4 mixture, natural gas, and flue gases are also described. Also, the energy requirement to accomplish a certain product specification is introduced, this last used for the transport of natural gas. Finally, the characteristics of the potential candidate membranes and challenges for industrial applications are summarized."
Barrier properties and structural study of nanocomposite of HDPE/Montmorillonite modified with polyvinylalcohol
(2013-02) Carrera, María C.; Erdmann, Eleonora; Destéfanis, Hugo A.
"In this work was studied the permeation of CO2 in films of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and organoclay modified with polyvinylalcohol () obtained from melt blending. Permeation study showed that the incorporation of the modified organoclay generates a significant effect on the barrier properties of HDPE. When a load of 2 wt% of was incorporated in the polymer matrix, the flow of CO2 decreased 43.7% compared to pure polyethylene. The results of TEM showed that clay layers were dispersed in the polymeric matrix, obtaining an exfoliated-structure nanocomposite. The thermal stability of nanocomposite was significantly enhanced with respect to the pristine HDPE. DSC results showed that the crystallinity was maintained as the pure polymeric matrix. Consequently, the decrease of permeability was attributable only to the effect of tortuosity generated by the dispersion of . Notably the mechanical properties remain equal to those of pure polyethylene, but with an increase in barrier properties to CO2. This procedure allows obtaining nanocomposites of HDPE with a good barrier property to CO2 which would make it competitive in the use of packaging."
Cellulose nanoﬁbrils as a replacement for xanthan gum (XGD) in water based muds (WBMs) to be used in shale formations
(2018-12) Villada, Yurany; Iglesias, María Celeste; Casis, Natalia; Erdmann, Eleonora; Peresin, María Soledad; Estenoz, Diana
"In this work, the potential replacement of xanthan gum (XGD) by cellulose nanofibrils in the composition of water based muds (WBMs) was studied. Bleached (B-CNF) and unbleached (L-CNF) cellulose nanofibrils, mainly differentiated by their lignin content, were tested and their performances were compared with that of XGD. The effects of cellulose nanofibrils on the rheological and filtration properties of WBMs were investigated. Rheometric analysis showed a shear-thinning behavior more noticeable for fluids containing B-CNF and XGD, while filtration properties were improved using L-CNF. The Sisko model was used to determine rheological parameters. Finally, it was found that by replacing XGD by double concentration of L-CNF in a WBM for Argentina shale, similar rheological properties were obtained. Structural changes were assessed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Particles agglomeration and good film formability were observed. Furthermore, WBMs with lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils exhibited a better thermal stability after aging."
Energy requirements, GHG emissions and investment costs in natural gas sweetening processes
(2017-01) Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo; Ale Ruiz, Elisa Liliana; Erdmann, Eleonora
"Currently, different technologies are being employed to remove CO2 and H2S from the natural gas. Based on chemical phenomenon, the absorption using alkanolamines is probably the most extended process for the acid gas removal. However, membrane technologies are considered as an alternative in specific cases for their better performances, cleanness, energy requirements, operative costs and location flexibility. The aim of this article is to estimate, compare and analyze the energy requirements, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and investment costs of three Natural Gas Sweetening processes. For the study, a regular process using methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), the absorption process using recompressed vapor and a membrane system were simulated using Aspen Hysys v8.8. For the first case, real data from the gas plant Aguaragüe (Argentina) was used to validate the model. To establish a proper comparison, a natural gas with 4 mol.% of CO2 is considered as the inlet stream of each configuration. Specifically, compression and pump power, specific total heat, removed CO2, CH4 wastes and capital costs were estimated and compared for each case. Additionally, a discussion including different aspects in regard to the energy efficiency of the processes was conducted. Although the proposed membrane system demonstrated to reduce the energy requirements (77% and 72%) and emissions (80% and 76%) in respect to both absorption processes, the CH4 losses were higher by more than 6 factor. Moreover, the investment cost of the technology is 12% higher than the required capital of a conventional amine process."
Evaluación reológica de fluidos de perforación base agua con nanosílice
(2018-07) Gallardo, Felipe Eusebio; Erdmann, Eleonora; Abalos, Roxana
"La creciente demanda hidrocarburífera ha llevado al estudio y producción de reservorios no convencionales de tipo shale en Argentina y el mundo. Este tipo de formaciones sedimentarias de estructura laminar, están conformadas por partículas consolidadas del tamaño de las arcillas, poseen nanoporos y baja permeabilidad. Durante la perforación del shale con WBM se debe garantizar la estabilidad de las paredes del pozo controlando la inhibición de las arcillas presentes y el incremento de la presión poral ocasionado por el ingreso de fluido a la formación. Para este último propósito, en este trabajo, se seleccionó nanosílice de 12 nm, la cual obtura los poros del shale que tienen un tamaño promedio de 30 nm. Se busca de esta forma reducir el ingreso de fluido a la formación, la presión poral, la permeabilidad y minimizar la interacción roca-fluido."
Evaluation of silicone fluids and resins as CO2 thickeners for enhanced oil recovery using a computational and experimental approach
(2021-09) Gallo Jiménez, Gonzalo Augusto; Erdmann, Eleonora; Cavasotto, Claudio N.
"CO2 thickeners have the potential to be a game changer for enhanced oil recovery, carbon capture utilization and storage, and hydraulic fracturing. Thickener design is challenging due to polymers’ low solubility in supercritical CO2(scCO2) and the difficulty of substantially increasing the viscosity of CO2. In this contribution, we present a framework to design CO2 soluble thickeners, combining calculations using a quantum mechanical solvation model with direct laboratory viscosity testing. The conductor-like polarizable continuum model for solvation free-energy calculations was used to determine functional silicone and silsesquioxane solubilities in scCO2. This method allowed for a fast and efficient identification of CO2-soluble compounds, revealing silsesquioxanes as more CO2-philic than linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the most efficient non-fluorinated thickener know to date. The rolling ball apparatus was used to measure the viscosity of scCO2 with both PDMS and silicone resins with added silica nanoparticles. Methyl silicone resins were found to be stable and fast to disperse in scCO2 while having a significant thickening effect. They have a larger effect on the solution viscosity than higher-molecular-weight PDMS and are able to thicken CO2 even at high temperatures. Silicone resins are thus shown to be promising scCO2 thickeners, exhibiting enhanced solubility and good rheological properties, while also having a moderate cost and being easily commercially attainable."
Functional characterization on colloidal suspensions containing xanthan gum (XGD) and polyanionic cellulose (PAC) used in drilling fluids for a shale formation
(2016) Villada, Yurany; Gallardo, Felipe Eusebio; Erdmann, Eleonora; Casis, Natalia; Olivares, Laura; Estenoz, Diana
"Drilling fluids are employed in the operation of hydrocarbon exploitation. Two kinds of drilling fluids are commonly used: water based muds and oil based muds. The oil based muds are characterized by their high performance in unconventional reservoirs due to the very low interaction with the reactive formation. Their environmental impact promotes the design of water based muds that present low toxicity. In this paper a water based mud for shale formation with similar rheological characteristics to the oil based mud used in the oil industry of Argentina was designed and the effect of xanthan gum and polyanionic cellulose on the main functional characteristics was studied. Rheometric analysis showed a shear-thinning behavior with notable effect on the concentration of polymers. After dynamic aging test, fluids with composition of PAC=8.00 g/L and XGD =3.00 g/L exhibited rheological properties very close to oil base mud. Structural changes were assessed from optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Particles agglomeration due to the presence of polymers was observed. Furthermore, mud filtration essays allowed to evaluate the performance of PAC as control agent. The Carreau model and statistical analysis were used to determine rheological parameters."
Importance of the study of environmental aspects in the exploitation of unconventional reservoirs for risk assessment of the activity in Argentina
(2017) De La Zerda, María Agustina; Erdmann, Eleonora; Sarandón, R.
"The objective of this work is the analysis of the envoronmental aspects associated to the extraction of UH (shale and tight)... The novelty of this work is the analysis of the factors the determine the environmental risk in the extraction of UH, especially in the hydraulic fracturing process, which includes technologies, environmental conditions at the site and the legal context in the region. This allows indentify the areas of higher and lower level of environmental risk in order to proceed to the identification, implementation and development of potential mitigation measures to achieve the sustainability of the activity."
Multi-objective optimization of a CO2-EOR process from the sustainability criteria
(2018-01) Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo; Erdmann, Eleonora; Manca, Davide
"Aim of this article is to estimate and discuss the economic and environmental impacts for the obtainment of CO2 in such conditions to be injected as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) fluid. Particularly, this study focuses on the compression sector design needed to process the CO2 coming from an already existing absorption plant. Currently, 18.68 kmol/h of a high-purity CO2 stream may be used for injecting and increasing the production of a pilot crude oil well near the location of the industrial plant. However, it is still necessary to perform an economic evaluation to quantify the investment and the operating costs that the compression involves..."
Optimización de fluidos de perforación base agua para shales
(2018) Gallardo, Felipe Eusebio; Erdmann, Eleonora
"La creciente demanda hidrocarburífera ha llevado al estudio y producción de reservorios no convencionales de tipo shale en Argentina y el mundo. Estas formaciones son sedimentarias con estructura laminar, están constituidas por partículas consolidadas del tamaño de las arcillas, es decir menores a 1/256 mm, poseen nanoporos y permeabilidades extremadamente bajas del orden del nanoDarcy. Muchas de estas formaciones tienen la particularidad de contener elevado porcentaje de minerales arcillosos, de las cuales algunos pueden ser hidrofílicos como es el caso de la esmectita. El estudio de su textura, estructura, composición e interacción roca-fluido son vitales para garantizar la estabilidad de las paredes de pozos petroleros. Los fluidos de perforación tienen como función principal remover los recortes de roca generados por el trepano. Son clasificados de acuerdo a sus componentes de base: agua (WBM, water based mud) o aceite (OBM, oil based mud). Entre los aditivos principales encontramos polímeros, densificantes, sales, tensioactivos y lubricantes. Los OBMs han sido muy utilizados para perforar formaciones del tipo shale, ya que su interacción con las arcillas hidrofílicas de la roca es prácticamente despreciable. Sin embargo, la tendencia actual es diseñar WBMs amigables con el ambiente, que puedan competir con los OBMs en términos de baja toxicidad, cumplir los requisitos ambientales de cada región, generar mínimo daño a la formación productora, eficiencia y bajos costos asociados con la disposición final de los recortes generados y los fluidos. Esto llevó al estudio de nuevas formulaciones y a la incorporación de materiales tales como los nanométricos. Estos materiales tienen la ventaja de poseer una gran área superficial y pueden ser diseñados para optimizar los fluidos necesitándose muy bajas concentraciones. Durante la perforación del shale con WBM, es fundamental garantizar la estabilidad de las paredes del pozo controlando la inhibición de las arcillas presentes y el incremento de la presión poral ocasionado por el ingreso de fluido a la formación. Para este último propósito, en este trabajo, se estudiaron muestras de pozo de la Formación Vaca Muerta en Neuquén Argentina de una profundidad entre 2400 a 2700 metros y WBMs. El estudio de porosidad con mercurio reveló que la roca tiene aproximadamente un 33 % de poros con diámetros comprendidos entre 12 a 100 nanómetros. Para reducir el ingreso de fluido a la formación, presión poral, permeabilidad y minimizar la interacción roca-fluido, se seleccionó nanosílice de 12 nm, comercialmente disponible, como aditivo obturador de las gargantas porales. Además, se consideró en la formulación del WBM aditivos micrométricos capaces de sellar las microfisuras que fueron estudiadas en los cortes delgados realizados a las muestras de roca. Para completar el estudio del medio poroso se hicieron análisis de difracción de rayos x y de microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM). El primer estudio mostró contenido inferior al 15 % de minerales arcillosos y porcentajes aun menores de esmectita. En cuanto al SEM se pudo apreciar la existencia de nanofósiles, entre ellos cocolitos y minerales como la pirita. Se estudió la reología de los WBM diseñados a diferentes temperaturas y envejecidos con distintas proporciones de nanopartículas, comparando con el comportamiento reológico de un OBM para determinar la concentración óptima de nanosílice, que fue de 0,5 % p/p. Siguiendo las normas API 13B1-2 y API 13I se realizaron pruebas de control de filtrado e inhibición de los fluidos. La concentración establecida del nanomaterial luego fue evaluada en celdas de transmisión de presión para analizar la reducción de permeabilidad en las muestras de roca de la Formación Vaca Muerta. Durante la circulación del WBM la permeabilidad calculada por el software FPORO fue de 1010 nD mientras que durante la circulación del WBM con nanosílice la permeabilidad fue de 552 nD. Se pudo observar que la nanosílice redujo la permeabilidad del shale estudiado y su efecto es permanente, por estos motivos podría ser considerada como aditivo en fluidos para operaciones de perforación de la formación Vaca Muerta en Neuquén, Argentina."
Optimización de la movilidad y miscibilidad de CO2 para EOR y almacenamiento de dióxido de carbono en reservorios heterogéneos
(2022-07) Gallo Jiménez, Gonzalo Augusto; Erdmann, Eleonora; Cavasotto, Claudio N.
"El CO2 EOR es una opción de CCUS con una capacidad de mitigación de CO2 excepcional y que contribuye a la soberanía energética. Esta tecnología tiene tres limitaciones para su implementación: la captura de CO2 en las condiciones técnicas y económicas necesarias, la baja viscosidad del gas y las elevadas presiones de miscibilidad. Este trabajo tiene un enfoque integral en el cual se busca ofrecer soluciones a cada una de estas limitaciones."
A sensitivity analysis and a comparison of two simulators performance for the process of natural gas sweetening
(2016-04) Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo; Benítez, Leonel A.; Ale Ruiz, Elisa Liliana; Erdmann, Eleonora
"Chemical processes simulation is an important instrument for the design, optimization and control of industrial plants. Simulation cases can be accomplished with relatively low costs and the absence of risks for the operators. However, the precision of the results depends on the similarity between the simulation performed and the process considered. In this article, two simulators, Aspen Hysys V8.6 and Aspen Plus V8.6, are employed to simulate the process of natural gas sweetening using diethanolamine (DEA). Additionally, a parametric sensitivity analysis is performed to define the optimal operative range for the process. The required data and the conditions of the operating units are taken from a gas conditioning plant in northern Argentina. Finally, a comparison between the block of obtained results from both simulations is also detailed."
Simulation of viscosity enhanced CO2 nanofluid alternating gas in light oil reservoirs
(2017-05) Gallo Jiménez, Gonzalo Augusto; Erdmann, Eleonora
"Thickened CO2 nanofluids are a mean to improve volumetric sweep efficiency and gas production in CO2 EOR projects in contrast CO2 flooding. Alternating injection of plain CO2 with thickened CO2 nanofluid is proposed as an economical alternative using the findings of CO2 viscosity enhancement through nanoparticles in current studies. This was achieved by using CMG GEM simulator and contrasting findings with other WAG and CO2 flooding simulations. The simulation was done on a light oil (40 °API) from a Neuquén Basin reservoir. A sensitivity analysis was done to contrast different type of injection schemes. As CO2 nanofluids can be tailor made in order to adjust their viscosity (and other properties like asphaltene deposition control) diverse results were observed. Nanofluids improve the volumetric sweet efficiency, and even low viscosity increment increase the overall gas utilization and conformance compared to CO2 flooding. Since there is no face change, the use of CO2 based nanofluids can be a mean to control CO2 EOR projects avoiding injectivity loss problems. It was observed that injection of mere nanofluid (without alternating CO2) is not technically nor economically convenient as it decreases production rates and has an overall lower economic performance than both WAG and CO2 flooding. Nevertheless, alternating nanofluid with plain CO2 enables higher sweep efficiency while lowering the operational costs due to lower volumes of nanofluid utilized. Adding nanofluid to a WAG scheme also shows improvements in EOR performance."
Steady-state energy optimization and transition assessment in a process of CO2 absorption from natural gas
(2018-09) Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo; Tarifa, Enrique E.; Erdmann, Eleonora
"An industrial-scale MDEA-based CO2 absorption process is considered in this work. Natural gas plant of Aguaragüe Argentina is selected to perform the studies of optimization and dynamics. With the steadystate of the process simulated, the reboiler energy demand of the plant is optimized in Aspen Hysys v8.8. In this optimization study, we analyze the base case (current) conditions of the reference plant and also six disturbance scenarios. According to the results, the main energy requirement can be reduced in more than a 48%, with the current process design. In the second part of our work, the plant is simulated in dynamic mode with the aim of characterizing the transition towards the found optimal conditions. It is proved that the dynamic model can reproduce the specified values after a short-time. In addition, the absence of undesirable states during the stabilization proves that the current control scheme is appropriate to minimize the energy consume in the plant under study."

Browsing by Author "Erdmann, Eleonora"

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