Proyecto final de Grado: Dificultad de la explotación de gas de lutitas
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2012
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"Con la población que sigue creciendo, la demanda de energía es cada vez mayor y los recursos de petróleo y gas convencionales son limitados. Debido al aumento del precio de los combustibles fósiles y el dominio de nuevas técnicas de recuperación, se reconsidera las posibilidades productoras de yacimientos no convencionales, y la industria está armando proyectos para aprovechar estos nuevos recursos. Los recursos no convencionales y particularmente de gas de lutitas (Shale Gas), prometen un potencial enorme, cuya extracción es ahora rentable. Un estudio solicitado por la US Energy Information Administration permitió revelar que existen 6,622 trillones de pies cúbicos técnicamente recuperables, y establece al shale gas como alternativa real de inversión.
Este proyecto aborda el tema de los reservorios de gas de Lutitas que se caracterizan por contener hidrocarburos en rocas de muy baja permeabilidad, lo cual implica un gran desafío técnico y económico para su explotación. La fracturación hidráulica que se describe en este proyecto es la técnica central de la producción de gas de lutitas."
"The world’s traditional hydrocarbon reserves are in rapid decline and will be unable to meet the future demand for energy. However, abundant hydrocarbon reserves are still available in giant unconventional basins; their development will protect and secure the future of the energy supply. Unconventional reservoirs have burst with considerable force in oil and gas production worldwide. Shale Gas is one of them, with intense activity taking place in regions like North America. Shale gas reservoirs are characterized by complex pore systems with ultra-low permeability and low to moderate porosity. The density of natural fractures varies markedly, and pore throat connectivity is relatively ineffective. To achieve commercial production, these reservoirs should be stimulated through massive hydraulic fracturing and, frequently, through horizontal wells. The hydraulic-fracturing, creates complex stimulated reservoir volumes, surrounding the wellbore, which are the main contributors to higher production profiles. Over the last decade, advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic-fracturing technologies have allowed oil and gas companies to discover and develop vast supplies of natural-gas trapped in shale-gas reservoirs across the United States and now in others places around the world."
"The world’s traditional hydrocarbon reserves are in rapid decline and will be unable to meet the future demand for energy. However, abundant hydrocarbon reserves are still available in giant unconventional basins; their development will protect and secure the future of the energy supply. Unconventional reservoirs have burst with considerable force in oil and gas production worldwide. Shale Gas is one of them, with intense activity taking place in regions like North America. Shale gas reservoirs are characterized by complex pore systems with ultra-low permeability and low to moderate porosity. The density of natural fractures varies markedly, and pore throat connectivity is relatively ineffective. To achieve commercial production, these reservoirs should be stimulated through massive hydraulic fracturing and, frequently, through horizontal wells. The hydraulic-fracturing, creates complex stimulated reservoir volumes, surrounding the wellbore, which are the main contributors to higher production profiles. Over the last decade, advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic-fracturing technologies have allowed oil and gas companies to discover and develop vast supplies of natural-gas trapped in shale-gas reservoirs across the United States and now in others places around the world."
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SHALE GAS, YACIMIENTOS GASIFEROS